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阿尔都塞推崇马克思的经验性方法,并以此建构他的思想整体。与阿尔都塞不同时期的思想整体的总问题紧密联系的,是他对于经验性方法的信仰、运用与发挥的不同阶段。本文将具有代表性的三个阶段归结为:1960年阿尔都塞在《论青年马克思》中得出的第一种推论,其能够保证经验方法的纯粹性,从而较好地贯彻了马克思的经验性方法的科学性;1962年阿尔都塞在《卡尔·马克思的〈1844手稿〉》一文中相继给出了第二种推论,推论二在前提与结论间呈现出某种“断裂”;1963—1968年间,阿尔都塞就其思想整体的总问题,连续地误用经验性方法,从而得出备受质疑的“认识论断裂”的观点,他的“哲学与科学的关系”理论也就陷入了循环论证与思维逻辑的混乱。
Althusser respected Marx’s empirical approach and constructed his entire thought. Closely linked with the overall problem of Althusser’s thought in different periods is his different stages of belief, use and development of empirical methods. In this paper, the representative three stages are summarized as follows: The first deduction Althusser put forward in 1960 in “On Marxism” can guarantee the pureness of the empirical method so as to better implement Marx’s experience The scientific method of sex; Althusser in 1962 in “Karl Marx’s” 1844 manuscript “one article has been given a second kind of inference, inference two shows a” break “between the premise and conclusion; From 1963 to 1968, Althusser continually misapplied empirical methods to the questionable ”epistemological break“ of his question, his ”relationship between philosophy and science" The theory also fell into the chaos of circular argument and logical thinking.