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目的了解十堰市2013年手足口病(HFMD)的流行病学特征,为降低HFMD发病率,减少HFMD重症及死亡病例发生提供依据。方法对疾病监测信息报告管理系统报告的2013年HFMD疫情资料进行描述性统计分析。结果 2013年共报告HFMD 4 986例,发病率为148.70/10万,报告重症病例8例,死亡病例2例;死亡率为0.06/10万,病死率为0.04%。发病主要集中4-7月份,主要以5岁以下儿童为主,占全部病例的93.16%;发病性别差异有统计学意义(χ2=164.051,P<0.01);不同地区间发病差别有统计学意义(χ2=2597.457,P<0.01)。实验室诊断病例666例,其中肠道病毒71(EV71)型阳性占79.13%,柯萨奇病毒A16(Cox A16)型阳性占10.21%,其他肠道病毒阳性占10.66%。结论 HFMD有明显的季节、年龄、地区、性别差异,5岁及以下男性散居儿童是今后需要重点关注的对象。应结合不同地区不同人群发病特点,加强社区散居儿童和托幼机构等集体单位的管理,做好疫情监测与分析。医疗机构应具备开展HFMD病原学检测的能力,以提高早期诊断能力,同时密切关注低龄、EV71感染的患儿,对早期发现救治重症病例,降低病死率意义重大。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in 2013 in Shiyan City and provide the basis for reducing the incidence of HFMD and reducing the incidence of severe HFMD and death. Methods A descriptive statistical analysis of 2013 HFMD epidemic data reported by the Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System was conducted. Results A total of 4 986 HFMD cases were reported in 2013, with an incidence rate of 148.70 / 100 000. There were 8 severe cases reported and 2 death cases reported. The mortality rate was 0.06 / 100,000 and the case fatality rate was 0.04%. The incidence mainly concentrated in 4-7 months, mainly in children under 5 years of age, accounting for 93.16% of all cases; incidence of gender differences was statistically significant (χ2 = 164.051, P <0.01); between different regions was statistically significant (χ2 = 2597.457, P <0.01). 666 cases were diagnosed by laboratory tests, of which 79.13% were EV71 positive, 10.21% were Cox A16 positive and 10.66% were other enterovirus positive. Conclusion There are obvious seasonal, age, regional and gender differences in HFMD. Diarrhea children aged 5 and below are the main targets for future attention. Should be combined with the incidence of different groups of people in different regions and strengthen community diaspora and child care institutions and other collective management unit, do a good job monitoring and analysis of the epidemic. Medical institutions should have the ability to carry out HFMD etiology test in order to improve the ability of early diagnosis, and pay close attention to young, EV71 infected children, found early rescue and treatment of severe cases, reducing mortality is of great significance.