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自口服避孕药和宫内避孕器推广以来,阴道避孕药已较少采用。但由于它是整个避孕措施中的一个重要部分,故仍应努力改进,提高避孕效果,使用法简便以扩大其选择应用的范围。阴道避孕药制剂有很多种,国际计划生育基金(IPPF)编目有75种不同的产品,其中有许多种能合并应用。此外,还有几种常用的基质,可于其中加入一种或数种有效成份。杀精子剂(Spermicides)一般分为三类:(1)表面活性剂;(2)有机金属化合物如苯基汞盐类和(3)弱酸,如乙酸和硼酸。最普通的是表面活性剂,又可分为阴离子型、非离子型和阳离子型等三种,均通过改变精子的渗透
Since the promotion of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices, vaginal birth control pills have been less used. However, since it is an important part of the whole contraception, efforts should still be made to improve and enhance the contraceptive effect. The usage of the contraceptive method is simple and convenient to expand the scope of its application. There are many types of preparations for vaginal birth control. The International Family Planning Fund (IPPF) catalogs 75 different products, many of which can be combined. In addition, there are several commonly used substrates into which one or several active ingredients are added. Spermicides generally fall into three categories: (1) Surfactants; (2) Organometallic compounds such as phenylmercuric salts and (3) Weak acids such as acetic acid and boric acid. The most common is the surfactant, but also divided into anionic, non-ionic and cationic three kinds, all by changing the penetration of sperm