一、关于民族主义民族主义和爱国主义是含有多重性格、多种形态及能够导致多种结果的复杂而敏感的概念。在近代思想史上,民族主义是随着欧洲资产阶级的形成和发展而出现的一种思想和运动。中世纪末,新兴资产阶级为推翻阻碍资产阶级发展的封建统治,打破封建割据局面,统一国内市 I. About Nationalism Nationalism and patriotism are complex and sensitive concepts that contain multiple personalities, multiple forms and can lead to multiple outcomes. In the history of modern thought, nationalism is a kind of thinking and movement that emerged along with the formation and development of the European bourgeoisie. At the end of the Middle Ages, the emerging bourgeoisie, in overthrowing the feudal rule that impeded the development of the bourgeoisie, broke the feudal stand and unified the domestic market