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为了更完善、更准确地研究系统扰动对大型发电机及电网的影响，建立了机–场–路–网耦合时步有限元仿真模型，实现了多段集中质量块弹簧机械轴系–电机二维瞬态电磁场–外电路–电网的全面耦合。模型不仅充分考虑了动态过程中不同时刻电机内电磁场畸变、饱和、涡流集肤效应及输变电系统参数等重要因素的影响，同时还进一步详细考虑了机械轴系的动态过程，包括各轴段传递的扭矩、阻尼转矩及各轴段转速的不同变化等因素的影响。为验证所建模型，对水力发电设备国家重点实验室内的动模实验系统搭建了仿真模型，并对机组120°误同期并网工况进行了仿真及实验对比分析，结果表明该机–场–路–网耦合仿真模型正确、可靠。“,”In order to accurately study the impact on large machine and power network of system disturbance, the mechanical shaft-field-circuit-network coupled time-step finite element model was set up. The comprehensive coupling of the multi-mass spring mechanical shaft system-2D transient electromagnetic field-circuit-power network was realized. In the model, the distortion of electromagnetic field, magnetic saturation, eddy current and parameters of power transmission system were taken into account in dynamic process, and dynamic behavior of mechanical shaft was considered in detail as well including the mechanical torque transmitted by every mass, damping torque and the speed variation of different mass. To validate the proposed model, the simulation and experimental results of faulty synchronization at 120o, performed on the dynamic simulation experimental system in State Key Laboratory of Hydropower Equipment, was compared and analyzed. The results show that the model is correct and effective.