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目的 分析近年空间定向障碍研究的动向,判明今后的研究重点。方法 从Aerospace database数据库、NTIS数据库和Medline数据库中检索1987～2002年与空间定向障碍相关的文献,进行统计,分析其年度和著者国别分布,并在主题词规范聚类的基础上分类统计分析。结果 共收集到与空间定向障碍研究相关的文献208篇,1989～1994年间数量最多,形成峰值,此后下降。相关的研究集中在美国。我国学者发表的文献量排名第3。高频主题同代表的研究重点在航空医学生理学、心理学;飞行训练与地面模拟训练;飞行姿态与显示装置3方面,占总数的40％。结论 空间定向障碍的研究主要表现为3个方向:持续研究,逐步弄清空间定向障碍的产生机制;通过地面模拟训练和空中体验训练增强飞行员对三维空间高速运动正确认知和正确定向的能力,即增强人的适应能力;研制先进的飞行姿态控制系统和显示装置,帮助飞行员避免或克服空间定向障碍,即用计算机技术、电子技术和先进的控制、显示技术填补人类自身能力缺陷,延伸人的能力。要从根本上解决空间定向障碍问题,有待于开展对其机制的研究,并结合生物医学工程、人机工程学、工效学等研制出先进的飞行姿态控制系统和显示装置,制定出新的飞行人员训练规程。
Objective To analyze the trend of spatial disorientation research in recent years and find the key points of future research. Methods The documents related to spatial disorientation from 1987 to 2002 were retrieved from the Aerospace database, NTIS database and Medline database, and their statistics were analyzed. Their annual and author country distributions were also analyzed. Based on the clustering of keywords, the statistical analysis was performed . Results A total of 208 articles related to the spatial disorientation research were collected, with the largest number of them in 1989-1994 and their peak value declining thereafter. Related research is concentrated in the United States. Chinese scholars published the literature volume ranked No. 3. High-frequency topics with representatives of the research focus in aeromedical physiology, psychology; flight training and ground simulation training; flight attitude and display devices 3, accounting for 40% of the total. Conclusions The research on spatial disorientation is mainly manifested in three aspects: continuous research and gradually clarify the mechanism of spatial disorientation; enhance the pilots’ ability of correctly understanding and correctly orienting high-speed three-dimensional space through ground simulation training and air experience training, That is, to enhance people’s ability to adapt; the development of advanced flight attitude control systems and display devices to help pilots avoid or overcome the space-oriented obstacles that use computer technology, electronic technology and advanced control, display technology to fill human deficiencies in their own capabilities, extending human ability. To fundamentally solve the problem of space-oriented obstacles, to be carried out on the mechanism of its research, combined with biomedical engineering, ergonomics, ergonomics and other advanced flight attitude control systems and display devices to develop a new flight Staff training procedures.