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Objective:To determine the prognostic implications and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ (EGFRvⅢ) expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas.Methods:We retrospectively examined EGFRvⅢ expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation using immunohistochemistry in specimens of 240 Chinese patients with glioma,including 84 World Health Organization (WHO) Ⅱ gliomas,84 WHO Ⅲ gliomas and 72 glioblastomas (WHO Ⅳ).Factors that correlated with EGFRvⅢ and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation expression were analyzed by the Chi-square test.Kaplan-Meier methodology and Cox regression were used for the survival analysis.Results:Log-rank tests showed that patient age,Kofsky performance scale (KPS) score,tumor grade,EGFRvⅢ expression,EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation,1 p/19q codeletion,isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation,Ki-67 labeling index and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) status (P＜0.05) were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) time.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patient age,tumor grade,EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation,lp/19q codeletion,and IDH mutation (P＜0.05) were significandy correlated with OS.Patients with a high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation (≥7％) had both significantly shorter OS [hazard ratio (HR):1.920,95％ confidence interval (95％ CI):1.228-3.003,P=0.004] and progression-free survival (PFS) times (HR:1.661,95％ CI:1.116-2.471,P=0.012) than those with a low level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation (＜7％).Conclusions:A high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in glioma is an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis,but EGFRvⅢ expression is not an independent clinical prognostic factor.The level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocadon maybe a novel and crucial prognostic biomarker in glioma.