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从防止公害到自觉保护环境,日本制定了种种的法律。在环境犯罪的对策上,已经完成了“从公害犯罪对策到环境保护对策”的转变。应当立足于人类中心主义与生态中心主义双方,来理解环境犯罪的保护法益。按照环境破坏的样态,环境犯罪的罪质与环境犯罪构成要件的情形是变化的。对于环境犯罪而言,“行政从属性”的概念虽并非是必须的,却是有益的。对于实施了环境犯罪的法人,对其执行罚金刑致使法人破产是不妥的。
From the prevention of pollution to the conscious protection of the environment, Japan has enacted various laws. In response to environmental crimes, we have completed the transition from a policy of “pollution crime to environmental protection.” We should base ourselves on both anthropocentrism and ecocentrism to understand the legal protection of environmental crimes. According to the state of environmental destruction, the circumstances of the crimes of environmental crime and environmental crimes are changing. For environmental crimes, the concept of “administrative subordination” is not necessary, but it is helpful. For a legal person who has committed an environmental crime, it is improper for the bankruptcy of a legal person to carry out a fine.