在通常的教科书中,作为羧酸衍生物的腈,是经酰胺在P_2O_5,POCl_3等强力脱水剂作用下制备的,而与其它羧酸衍生物不同,不能由羧酸直接一步形成。实际上,在专利文献和实际工业生产中,包括重要的已二腈的生产,羧酸在高温下与氨作用,在Br?nsted酸或lewis酸催化下,皆可以优异的收率制得相应的腈。 In common textbooks, nitriles, which are carboxylic acid derivatives, are prepared by the amide in the presence of a powerful dehydrating agent such as P 2 O 5, POCl 3, etc. Unlike other carboxylic acid derivatives, nitriles can not be directly formed from carboxylic acids. In fact, both in the patent literature and in actual industrial production, including the production of important dinitriles, the carboxylic acid acts at high temperatures with ammonia and can be prepared in excellent yields under the Brønsted or Lewis acid catalysis Of the nitrile.