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目的了解江苏省南京市中小学生膳食、体力活动知识与相应行为的关系,为中小学生肥胖预防的宣传教育和干预工作提供依据。方法 2013年9月采用多阶段按比例随机整群方法抽取南京市48所学校10 124名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,最终回收有效问卷9 426份。结果中小学生知晓“经常进行体育锻炼能够减轻体重”、“经常看电视玩电脑能长胖”、“经常喝可乐等软饮料能长胖”和“经常吃西式快餐能长胖”的比例分别为81.1%、33.0%、74.2%和82.8%,体力活动不足、静坐时间过长、软饮料摄入过多和西式快餐摄入过多的比例分别为49.9%、4.4%、10.4%和9.5%。年级、性别、父母文化水平、家庭成员数不同,学生的膳食、体力活动知识知晓率与相关不健康生活行为比例均不同(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,了解“经常进行体育锻炼能够减轻体重”、“经常看电视玩电脑能长胖”、“经常喝可乐等软饮料能长胖”和“经常吃西式快餐能长胖”的学生,相应的体力活动不足(OR=0.785)、静坐时间过长(OR=0.604)、软饮料摄入过多(OR=0.566)和西式快餐摄入过多(OR=0.425)的比例低。结论正确的膳食、体力活动知识对学生的生活行为具有积极影响,应加强相关方面的宣传教育。
Objective To understand the relationship between dietary and physical activity knowledge and behavior of primary and secondary school students in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and to provide the basis for publicity, education and intervention of obesity prevention among primary and middle school students. Methods In September 2013, 10 124 students from 48 schools in Nanjing City were selected for anonymous self-completed questionnaire by multi-stage and proportionate random cluster method. Finally, 9 426 valid questionnaires were collected. Results of primary and secondary school students know “regular physical exercise can reduce weight ”, “often watching TV playing computer can gain fat ”, “often drink cola and other soft drinks can gain weight ” and Fat proportions were 81.1%, 33.0%, 74.2% and 82.8% respectively. Physical activity was inadequate, sit-in time was too long, excessive consumption of soft drinks and excessive intake of western fast food were 49.9% and 4.4% respectively, 10.4% and 9.5%. Grade, gender, level of parental education, number of family members, knowledge rate of students’ diet and physical activity, and related unhealthy life behaviors were all different (all P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that learning “often can reduce weight”, “often watching TV playing computer can gain weight,” “often drink cola and other soft drinks can gain weight ” and "often (OR = 0.785), long meditation time (OR = 0.604), excessive intake of soft drinks (OR = 0.566), and excessive intake of Western fast food OR = 0.425) is low. Conclusion Correct knowledge of dietary and physical activity has a positive impact on students’ living behavior, and publicity and education should be strengthened.