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根据1963年以来的调查和观察,初步鉴定了三个野生稻种的特征特性,以及在我国的地理分布。 1.普通野生稻(oryza sativa f.spontanea):在北纬18°15′至25°00′的范围内均有分布。多年生,宿根性,9—11月出穗,株高100—150厘米,匍匐生长在沼泽地、草塘或溪河沿岸。穗枝披散,着粒疏,谷粒狭长,粒长8—9毫米,稃端具长芒,柱头外露,谷粒成熟时黑褐色或黄褐色,易落粒。 2.药用野生稻(O.offficinalis):主要分布在北纬18°25′至24°10′范围内寡照和湿润的山谷中。多年生,宿根性,10—11月间出穗,株高200—300厘米,秆强硬散生,穗颈特长(有时达80厘米以上),粒短圆,粒长4—5毫米,每穗数百粒,稃端具1—2厘米的短芒,谷粒成熟时灰褐色,易落粒。 3.疣粒野生稻(O.meyeriana):主要分布在北纬18°10′至24°46′范围内沿江坡地和高山河谷的灌木丛林中。多年生,宿根性,株高30—40厘米,茎叶形似竹子,终年不断出穗成熟,每穗约10—15粒,紧贴穗轴,粒长4.5—5.5毫米,成熟粒呈黄褐色,光稃无芒,但稃表面有不规则的小疣粒状突起,易落粒。 本文还对普通野生稻在植物育种工作中利用的前景进行了讨论和展望。
According to the investigation and observation since 1963, the characteristics of three wild rice species and the geographical distribution in our country have been preliminarily identified. 1. Oryza sativa f.spontanea: distributed in the range of latitude 18 ° 15 ’to 25 ° 00’. Perennial, perennial, September-November out of the ear, plant height of 100-150 cm, prostrate growth in wetlands, grass ponds or rivers along the river. Spike branches Phi scattered, with grain sparse, narrow grain, grain length 8-9 mm, with a long Mangmai side, stigma exposed, dark brown or brown when the grain mature, easy to fall tablets. 2. O. officinalis: mainly distributed in the valleys and moist valleys in the latitudes 18 ° 25 ’to 24 ° 10’ N. Perennial, perennial, 10-11 months from the ear, plant height 200-300 cm, stalk hard abortion, ear neck specialty (sometimes up to 80 cm), short grains, grain length 4-5 mm, number of spikes per panicle One hundred, with a short tail of 1-2 cm, gray-brown when ripe, easy to fall. O.meyeriana: mainly distributed in the shrubbery along the slopes and alpine valleys in the range of latitude 18 ° 10 ’to 24 ° 46’ north latitude. Perennial, perennial, plant height 30-40 cm, stems and leaves shaped like bamboo, spike maturity throughout the year, about 10-15 per spike, close to cob, grain length 4.5-5.5 mm, mature grain was brown, light稃 no Mount, but 稃 surface irregular small warts granular protrusions, easy to drop tablets. The paper also discussed the prospect of using common wild rice in plant breeding.