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目的观察不同剂型灭螺药在湖沼地区水位不稳定沟渠的现场灭螺效果,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法选择荆州市江陵县一条有螺排水渠作为试验现场,分为6段;除一段为空白对照组,仅观察钉螺自然死亡率外,其余5段作为观察组,分别施用4%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐粉剂、5%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐颗粒剂、25%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂。施药前后均采用系统抽样法查螺,观察灭螺药物近期和远期效果,并比较水位线上坡面与水位线下沿边水体钉螺死亡率。结果各观察组水位线上坡面施药后7 d钉螺死亡率为79.52%~97.87%,施药后15 d为90.43%~96.30%,与灭螺前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。各观察组水位线下水体施药后7 d钉螺死亡率为17.11%~50.00%,均低于各组水位线上坡面钉螺死亡率,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);施药后15 d,钉螺死亡率为9.43%~95.24%,25%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂、50%杀螺胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂组钉螺死亡率低于水位线上坡面,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。与灭前比较,灭螺后6个月各观察组活螺平均密度下降率为70.21%~78.98%。结论粉剂与颗粒剂适用于无水或有水环境灭螺,悬浮剂与可湿性粉剂适用于有水环境灭螺。
Objective To observe the on-site snail-killing effect of different dosage forms of molluscides in the lagoon with unstable water level, and provide a scientific basis for the development of control measures. Methods A snail drainage canal was chosen as a test site in Jiangling County, Jingzhou City. It was divided into 6 sections. Except for a blank control group, only the natural mortality of Oncomelania snails was observed. The other 5 sections were treated with 4% Salt powder, 5% killer amine ethanolamine salt granules, 25% sulfanilamide ethanolamine salt suspension, 26% tetramethoxamide ethanolamine salt suspension, 50% sulfanilamide ethanolamine salt wettable powder. The systematic sampling method was used to check the short-term and long-term effects of snail drugs before and after spraying. The mortality of snails in the waters along the slopes along the water line and the water level along the water line were compared. Results The death rates of snails on the slopes of water level were 79.52% -97.87% at 7 d and 90.43% -96.30% at 15 days after application, respectively, which were significantly different from those before snail control (P All <0.01). The death rates of snails on the 7th day after application of water level in each observation group were 17.11% ~ 50.00%, which were all lower than the mortality of snails on the slope of water level in each observation group (P <0.05) On the 15th day after treatment, the mortality rates of Oncomelania snails were 9.43% -95.24%, 25% Spirotetramat, 26% tetramethoxamide ethanolamine salt, 50% Spiroxamide wettable powder, The mortality rate was lower than the slope of the water line, the differences were statistically significant (P all <0.01). Compared with the pre-extinction, the average density of live snails decreased by 70.21% -78.98% in each observation group at 6 months after the snail elimination. Conclusions Dusts and granules are suitable for snail elimination in waterless or watery environment. Suspension and wettable powders are suitable for snail elimination in water environment.