世界近代化历史表明:任何一个国家的近代化,必须依赖于国家政权力量才能推进;近代化进程的快慢,近代化效果的好坏,主要取决于该国政府是否抓住机遇,决策是否符合基本国情,措举是否遵循近代化的客观规律。因此,中国清末近代化进程如何,成效如何,主要取决于清政府。鉴于此,本文拟从清政府角度考察清末近代化何以迟缓。 众所周知,中国社会早在鸦片战争前曾出现过近代化的机遇,而清末近代化却起步于19世纪60年代。至1911年清王朝覆灭 The history of world modernization shows that the modernization of any country must rely on the power of the state power to advance. The speed of modernization and the effect of modernization depend mainly on whether the government seizes the opportunities and whether the decision-making accords with the basic The national conditions and measures follow the objective laws of modernization. Therefore, the progress of the modernization of China in the late Qing Dynasty, how effective, depends mainly on the Qing government. In view of this, this article intends to examine the Qing government from the perspective of late modernization at a later date. It is well known that there was an opportunity for modernization in Chinese society long before the Opium War, but modernization in the late Qing Dynasty started in the 1860s. By 1911 the Qing dynasty collapsed