前言:小麦是一种温带长日照植物,适应范围较广,自北纬17°~50°,从平原到海拔约4000m的高原(如中国西藏)均有种植。按照小麦穗状花序的疏密程度,小穗的结构,颖片、外稃和芒以及谷粒的性状、颜色、毛绒等,种下划分为极多亚种、变种、变型和品种;根据对温度的要求不同,分冬小麦和春小麦两个生理型,不同地区种植不同类型。在中国黑龙江、内蒙古和西北种植春小麦,于春天3~4月播种,7~8月成熟,生育期短,约100 Foreword: Wheat is a temperate long-day plant with a wide range of adaptation. It is planted in plateaus (such as Tibet, China) ranging from the plains to an altitude of about 4000m from latitude 17 ° to 50 °. According to the density of spikes of wheat spikes, structure of spikelets, glume, lemma and mans and grain traits, colors, plush, etc., is divided into a great many subspecies, varieties, variants and varieties; according to Different temperature requirements, divided into two physiological types of winter wheat and spring wheat, different regions planted different types. Spring wheat was planted in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, sowing in spring from April to April and maturing from July to August with short growth period of about 100