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目的了解并分析北京市昌平区成年居民膳食钠钾摄入水平及其食物来源。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,在北京市昌平区抽取4个居委会、2个村委会共198户居民进行询问调查及膳食调查。结果昌平区成年居民平均每日摄入钠为4 653.7(3 430.9~6 361.5)mg,钾为1 643.1(1 266.7~2 141.1)mg。女性膳食钠、钾摄入量显著低于男性居民(P<0.01);城镇居民膳食钠摄入量显著低于农村居民(P<0.01),各年龄组居民膳食钠钾摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中50~64岁年龄组膳食钠摄入量显著高于其它两个年龄组(P<0.05,P<0.01),65岁以上居民膳食钾摄入量显著低于其它两个年龄组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。从摄入水平分布看,99.0%的居民膳食钠摄入量超过AI值,68.8%的居民膳食钾摄入量低于AI值。膳食钠主要来源于调味品,占79.2%,膳食钾主要来源于谷类、蔬菜,占53.1%。结论昌平区成年居民膳食钠钾摄入存在严重失衡现象。今后开展慢性病防控时,应大力宣传膳食钠钾平衡的健康意义,鼓励居民限盐的同时增加膳食钾的摄入,多吃蔬菜、水果、豆类等含钾丰富的食品。
Objective To understand and analyze dietary sodium and potassium intake of adult residents in Changping District of Beijing and their food sources. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 residents committees in Changping District of Beijing and 198 households in 2 village committees to conduct inquiry and dietary surveys. Results The average daily intake of sodium among adults in Changping District was 4 653.7 (3 430.9 ~ 6 361.5) mg and potassium was 1 643.1 (1 266.7 ~ 2 141.1) mg. Dietary intake of sodium and potassium in women was significantly lower than that in men (P <0.01). Dietary sodium intake of urban residents was significantly lower than that of rural residents (P <0.01), and there was statistical difference in dietary sodium and potassium intake among residents in all age groups (P <0.05). The dietary sodium intake of 50-64 age group was significantly higher than that of the other two age groups (P <0.05, P <0.01). The dietary potassium intake of residents aged 65-64 was significantly lower than that of the other two age groups The other two age groups (P <0.05, P <0.01). From the level of intake distribution, 99.0% residents ’dietary sodium intake exceeded AI value, and 68.8% residents’ dietary potassium intake was lower than AI value. Dietary sodium is mainly derived from condiments, accounting for 79.2% of dietary potassium mainly from cereals and vegetables, accounting for 53.1%. Conclusion There is a serious imbalance of dietary sodium and potassium intake among adult inhabitants in Changping District. In future, when carrying out prevention and control of chronic diseases, we should vigorously publicize the health significance of dietary sodium-potassium balance, encourage residents to limit salt intake while increasing the intake of dietary potassium, and eat more foods rich in potassium, such as vegetables, fruits and beans.