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多边外交场合的演讲是各国领导人开展外交竞争、构建国家形象的重要舞台。本文以美国总统奥巴马在2015年第70届联合国大会一般性辩论上的讲话为样本,分析美国领导人在多边外交场合采用的话语策略。从消极策略来看,奥巴马的讲话适应了多边外交场合在社会语言模式、会话模式和互文性模式等方面的话语情景特征。从积极策略来看,奥巴马通过美国式的政治话语构建联合国的价值,并围绕这一价值对美国与国际秩序的关系、其他国家与国际秩序关系进行定位,在二元对立的话语空间中塑造美国的形象。这种话语方式和策略是美国在多边外交场合所惯用的。通过分析美国这种外交话语策略的得失,可以为中国在类似外交场合的国家形象构建提供借鉴。
The speech on multilateral diplomatic occasions is an important stage for leaders of all countries in conducting diplomatic competition and building a national image. This article uses the speech of President Barack Obama at the general debate of the 70th UN General Assembly in 2015 as an example to analyze the discourse tactics adopted by the U.S. leaders on multilateral diplomatic occasions. Judging from the negative tactics, Obama’s speech has adapted to the discourse situation characteristics of the multilateral diplomatic occasions in terms of social language mode, conversational mode and intertextual mode. From a positive point of view, Obama builds the value of the United Nations through American-style political discourse and positions the relationship between the United States and the international order based on this value and the relations between other countries and the international order and shapes the United States in the dualistic discourse space image of. This discourse style and tactics are commonly used by the United States on multilateral diplomatic occasions. By analyzing the pros and cons of this kind of diplomatic discourse strategy in the United States, it can provide reference for China’s image building in a country like a diplomatic occasion.