目的　探讨羊膜腔内注射肺表面活性物质 (pulmonarysurfactant ,PS)预防新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 (neonatalrespiratorydistresssyndrome ,NRDS)的临床效果及其安全性。　 方法　将 45例产前证实胎肺不成熟的早产孕妇分为两组 ,研究组 15例 (其中 1例双胎 )将PS制剂注入羊膜腔内 ,并于数小时内结束分娩。对照组 3 0例产前不予PS注射。比较两组新生儿Apgar评分、NRDS的发生率、新生儿死亡率及住院时间的差别。　结果　研究组分娩新生儿 16例 ,对照组 3 0例 ,两组新生儿Ap gar评分差异无显著性。胃液泡沫试验显示胎肺成熟的比率研究组为 56.3 % (9/ 16) ,对照组 13 .3 %(4/ 3 0 ) ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。研究组新生儿需持续气道正压通气 (CPAP)的比率为18.8% (3 / 16) ,NRDS的发生率为 6.3 % (1/ 16) ,均显著低于对照组 ,分别为 60 % (18/ 3 0 )和 3 6.7%(11/ 3 0 ) ,P <0 .0 5。研究组新生儿的住院时间均值为 (3 2 .4± 7.6)d ,比对照组 (42 .0± 15.7)d短约10d ,两组比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。两组新生儿的死亡率无明显差异。研究组孕妇和新生儿均未发现由PS所导致的并发症及不良后果。　结论　羊膜腔内注射PS可显著地降低早产儿NRDS的发生率和CPAP的使用率 ,缩短住院时间 ,为临床上提供 Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of amniotic fluid injection of pulmonary surfactant (PS) on neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS). Methods 45 pregnant women with prenatal diagnosis of immature fetal lung were divided into two groups. In the study group, 15 cases (one case of twins) injected PS into the amniotic cavity and delivered their childbirth within a few hours. Control group, 30 cases of prenatal PS injection. Apgar score, NRDS incidence, neonatal mortality and hospital stay were compared between the two groups. Results In the study group, 16 newborns were delivered and 30 in the control group. There was no significant difference in Apgar score between the two groups. Gastric fluid foam test showed that the rate of fetal lung maturation was 56.3% (9/16) in the study group and 13.3% (4/30) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). In the study group, the rate of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was 18.8% (3/16) and that of NRDS was 6.3% (1/16), both of which were significantly lower than those of the control group (60% 18/30) and 3 6.7% (11/30), P <0. 05. The average length of hospital stay in the study group was (32.4 ± 7.6) days, which was about 10 days shorter than that in the control group (42.0 ± 15.7 days). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in neonatal mortality between the two groups. The study group of pregnant women and newborns were not found in the complications caused by PS and adverse consequences. Conclusion Intra-amniotic injection of PS can significantly reduce the incidence of NRDS and the use of CPAP in preterm infants, shorten the length of hospital stay and provide clinically