对于欧盟在国际关系中的角色问题,现实主义者、改革论者以及进化论者存在着不同的看法。实际上,欧盟明确地将自身界定为一个“改革者”的角色,其最终目标就是努力从根本上改变国际关系的运行方式,实现国际关系的“文明化”。为此,欧盟能够利用以下五种不同的资源:作为规范性权力的认同与角色概念、物质能力、动员其资源且发挥其影响的技能、乐于且有能力支持欧盟外交政策议程的合作者以及国际制度。同时欧盟自身也存在着一些有待克服的缺陷,如欧盟“以榜样的方式来领导”的能力的不确定性;欧盟能力的弱化;欧盟也缺乏基本意义上的战略灵活性等。 There are different views on the EU’s role in international relations, realists, reformists and evolutionists. In fact, the EU has clearly defined itself as a “reformer” whose ultimate goal is to work hard to fundamentally change the mode of operation of international relations and “civilize” international relations. To this end, the EU is able to take advantage of five different resources: the concept of identity and role as a normative authority, the material capabilities, the skills to mobilize its resources and exert its influence, the partners willing and able to support the European Union’s foreign policy agenda, system. At the same time, the EU itself has some deficiencies to be overcome, such as the uncertainty of the EU’s ability to “lead by example”; the weakening of the EU’s capabilities; and the EU’s lack of strategic flexibility in the basic sense.