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认知功能障碍是糖尿病严重的慢性并发症之一，疾病晚期严重影响患者的生活质量，早期诊断及干预能延缓疾病进展。免疫活性分子如白细胞介素(interleukin，IL)-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor alpha，TNF-α)和C反应蛋白(C reactive protein，CRP)等参与脑组织发育、突触可塑性和认知功能调节。这些活性因子表达异常，无论过度或者不足都可能对脑组织和认知功能造成不良影响。现就目前糖尿病认知功能障碍患者血液免疫相关分子的研究进展做一综述，为疾病的早期诊断和治疗提供理论依据。“,”Cognitive impairment is one of the serious chronic complications of diabetes. In the late stage of the disease, the life quality of the patient will severely affected, while early diagnosis and intervention can curb the development of the disease. Immune active molecules, such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and C reactive protein(CRP), will be involved in the brain tissue development, synaptic plasticity and cognitive function regulation. Abnormal expression of these active factors, whether excessive or insufficient, will be likely to cause adverse effects on brain tissue and cognitive function. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease by reviewing the current research progress of blood immune-related molecules in patients with diabetic cognitive dysfunction.