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目的 :研究嗅球、嗅束动脉的来源分布及相关动脉的病理变化 ,为嗅球、嗅束因缺血所致嗅觉障碍提供形态学依据。方法 :在体视显微镜下观察 80例脑标本嗅束、嗅球动脉的来源、数目、分支和分布 ;对其中 6 0岁以上的 5 0例脑标本嗅束、嗅球和相关动脉作病理解剖研究。结果 :嗅束、嗅球动脉主要来自眶前动脉、眶后动脉和返动脉 ,分单支、双支、三支和多支 4种类型。病理观察发现 ,大脑前动脉、前交通动脉有粥样硬化改变者占86 .3%。营养嗅束、嗅球的小动脉有狭窄或阻塞者 15例 ,与被阻塞的小动脉相对应的嗅束病理切片可见神经纤维变性和萎缩现象。结论 :6 0岁以上脑动脉硬化患者可使嗅球、嗅束小动脉阻塞 ,引起神经纤维变性 ,可能与嗅觉障碍有关
OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of the olfactory bulb and the olfactory artery and the pathological changes of the related arteries, and provide the morphological evidence for the olfactory bulb caused by ischemia and the olfactory disturbance due to ischemia. Methods: The source, number, branch and distribution of olfactory bulb and olfactory bulb arteries were observed under stereomicroscope in 80 cases. The pathological anatomy of the olfactory tract, olfactory bulb and related arteries in 50 cases of brain over 60 years old were studied. Results: The olfactory tract and olfactory bulb arteries mainly came from the anterior orbital artery, the retro-orbital artery and the retro-arterial artery, which were divided into four types: single branch, double branch, triple branch and multiple branch. Pathological observation found that anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery atherosclerosis accounted for 86.3%. Nutritional olfactory tract, olfactory bulb arterial stenosis or obstruction in 15 cases, and obstruction of the arterioles corresponding to the pathological section of the olfactory tract shows nerve fiber degeneration and atrophy. Conclusion: Patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis over the age of 60 can block the olfactory bulb and the small olfactory artery and cause nerve fiber degeneration, which may be related to olfactory dysfunction