本文针对中国城市研究的现状和困境提出了“主体空间”的研究思路,并且运用主体空间的方法对秦汉都城的历史演进过程进行了概略的分析。通过主体空间,秦汉都城的空间形态可以和皇帝、天子、帝都、天下、私家、公家等历史概念在“家国进化原理”的层面上整合起来进行综合解读。本文指出主体空间是中国古代都城研究的新途径,尤其在长时段城市史的研究中具有重要的价值,并且对古代都城局部的深入讨论和整体城市史的结构性阐释具有重要的理论意义。 In this paper, we propose a research idea of ​​“subject space” for the status quo and predicament of urban research in China, and use the method of subject space to analyze the historical evolution of capital city in Qin and Han dynasties. Through the main space, the spatial patterns of the capital city of Qin and Han dynasties can be integrated with historical concepts such as the emperor, emperor and son, empire, world, private and public at the level of “the principle of evolution of the nation”. This paper points out that the subject space is a new way to study the ancient capital city in China, especially in the study of the urban history for a long period of time. It also has important theoretical significance for the in-depth discussion of the ancient capital city and the structural interpretation of the overall urban history.