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目的分析我国成人自报高血压者吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、蔬菜和水果摄入以及超重/肥胖者控制体重的现状,为高血压防治策略和干预措施的制定、实施和评价提供依据。方法利用2004年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测资料,采用χ2检验、多元logistic回归模型以及多因素趋势性检验等。结果我国18～69岁成人自报高血压者吸烟率为23.8%、饮酒率为26.1%、蔬菜和水果低摄入率分别为2.7%和55.8%、不锻炼率为74.4%,超重/肥胖者中主动采取措施控制体重的比例不足五分之一。成人自报高血压者的吸烟率、饮酒率、吸烟量、饮酒量、不锻炼率、蔬菜和水果低摄入率以及不控制体重率均低于自报非高血压者。男性自报高血压者戒烟、戒酒、锻炼、蔬菜和水果摄入情况均较差。30～49岁的成人自报高血压者不锻炼率最高,而且30岁以上超重/肥胖者不控制体重率较高。文化程度越低的人,戒烟、锻炼、蔬菜摄入、水果摄入和控制体重情况越差。农村地区自报高血压者不锻炼率、水果低摄入率和不控制体重率均较高。中部地区自报高血压者吸烟率和水果低摄入率较高,饮酒率以东部和中部地区较高,西部地区锻炼情况较差。结论改善生活方式的宣传教育在自报高血压者中已经取得了一定的成效,但仍不能达到非药物治疗的目标,尤其是在水果摄入、体育锻炼和超重/肥胖者的体重控制三个方面需要重点干预。
Objective To analyze the status of smoking, alcohol drinking, physical exercise, vegetables and fruit intake and overweight / obesity control of body weight in adults in our country, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of hypertension and the formulation, implementation and evaluation of the interventions. Methods The surveillance data of chronic diseases and its risk factors in China were used in 2004, using χ2 test, multivariate logistic regression model and multi-factor trend test. Results In our country, adults aged 18-69 years reported hypertension with a smoking rate of 23.8% and a drinking rate of 26.1%. Low intake rates of vegetables and fruits were 2.7% and 55.8% respectively. The rate of non-exercise was 74.4%, overweight / obese Take the initiative to take measures to control the weight of the ratio of less than one-fifth. Adults reported self-reported high blood pressure smoking, alcohol consumption, smoking, drinking, non-exercise rate, low intake of vegetables and fruits and not control the body weight were lower than self-reported non-hypertension. Men self-reported high blood pressure quit smoking, alcohol, exercise, vegetables and fruit intake were poor. Adults between the ages of 30 and 49 reported no high rates of exercise, and overweight / obese individuals over the age of 30 did not control their body weight rates. The less educated, the worse off smoking cessation, exercise, vegetable intake, fruit intake and weight control. Self-reported hypertension in rural areas do not exercise rate, low fruit intake and non-control rate were high body weight. In the central region, self-reported hypertension had a higher smoking rate and a lower fruit intake rate, drinking rates were higher in the eastern and central regions, and worse in the western region. Conclusion Publicity and education to improve lifestyles have yielded some success in self-reported hypertension, but still fail to reach the goal of non-drug treatment, especially in the areas of fruit intake, physical exercise and weight management in overweight / obese people Areas require major intervention.