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美国、日本、欧盟是世界上公认食品最安全的国家和地区,其进行食品监管的模式一直以政府监管为主,怎么进行监管机构的设置就是需要重点研究的问题。立足于美国、欧盟、日本食品监管机构的设置,讨论我国如何完善食品安全监管机构,通过比较各发达国家机构设置不同得出结论:发达国家食品安全监管机构设置模式分为集中型和分散型,而我国的特有国情导致我国要建立以品种划分的分散型监管模式;风险分析的方法是各国食品安全监管机构采取的食品安全监管的重要手段,风险评估与风险管理的职能由不同的监管机构承担,各监管机关在风险交流的基础上细化各自的职责,注重部门间的协调和统一的组织,能够使食品安全监管机构发挥更大的作用;另外,必须要加重监管机关的责任。
The United States, Japan and the EU are among the most recognized countries in the world in terms of food safety. Their mode of food supervision has been dominated by government regulation. The question of how to set up a regulatory body is a key issue to be studied. Based on the establishment of the food regulatory agencies in the United States, the European Union and Japan, this paper discusses how to improve food safety regulatory agencies in our country and concludes by comparing different institutional settings in developed countries. The mode of food security regulatory agencies in developed countries is divided into centralized and decentralized, The unique national conditions of our country lead our country to establish a decentralized regulatory model that is divided by breed. The method of risk analysis is an important means of food safety regulation adopted by food safety regulators in various countries. The functions of risk assessment and risk management are undertaken by different regulatory bodies , The supervisory authorities, on the basis of risk exchange, refined their respective responsibilities, focusing on coordination among departments and a unified organization, can make food safety regulatory agencies play a greater role; in addition, it is necessary to increase the responsibility of regulatory authorities.