新莽契刀、错刀、大泉祖范述略刘春声１９８７年，作者于西安北郊草滩乡发现一方“契刀五百”、“一刀平五千”、“大泉五十”三钱一体的石质新莽铸钱祖范。其时，正值余在西安修学。某次，到北郊访古，于乡间结识一耄耋老者，年八旬以上，旧学造诣颇深，彼此甚为投机，遂结忘年之交。翁知余素喜“孔方”，乃出示一石请余鉴赏。此石系文革中，其子开拖拉机耕地时子田垅中翻出，因石作长条状，便携至家中，自谓可作磨刀石用，幸被其父发现，见石上有钱模，知非寻常之物，即收藏至今。余细观此石，原来是一方“契刀五百”、“一刀平五千”、“大泉五十”集三种钱模于一身的新莽铸钱祖范。我国在唐以前，普遍采用范铸法铸造钱币。按其功能又可分为祖范，母范，子范，制范材料有石、陶（泥）、铜、铁、铅等。其工艺流程为先由制范高手手工雕制阴文反书型腔，用来翻制阳文母范，又以阳文母范翻制阴文子范，即可用子范铸造钱币。因此，祖范的作用和功能类似后世翻沙法铸钱时所用之雕母祖钱，是弥足珍贵的。在出土和传世之新莽范中，祖范本已罕见，而两刀一泉三钱一体的新莽祖范，则是报道中前所未见者，更属凤毛麟角。后彼此互赠所爱之物，石范遂归余所藏。兹试就此范略述一二。一、此范的形制特点。范为滑石 Xin Mang Qi Knife, the wrong knife, the big Quan Zufan sketch slightly Liu Chunsheng 1987, the author found in the northern suburbs of Caotan Township, Xi’an, “a knife five hundred”, “a knife flat five thousand”, “Big Spring fifty” three money one of the new stone Mang cast money Zu Fan. At that time, more than I was studying in Xi’an. A visit to the northern suburbs of ancient times, in the country to get acquainted with an old man, more than eighty years old, accomplished deep old school, each other is very speculative, then the turn of the year. Weng Zhixu Suxi “Kong Fang”, is to produce a stone please more appreciation. This stone system during the Cultural Revolution, the son of a tractor plowed farmland Tian Zhaizhuan out of stone for the long strip, portable home, since that can be used as a whetstone, fortunate to be found by his father, see the money on the stone mold , Known unusual things, that collection so far. I thin the stone, turned out to be one side “knives knife five hundred”, “knives flat five thousand”, “big spring fifty” set of three kinds of money in one of the new money cast Zufan Mang. Before the Tang Dynasty in our country, Fan Casting was commonly used to make coins. According to its function can be divided into ancestral Fan, the mother fan, sub-Fan, the system material stone, pottery (mud), copper, iron, lead and so on. The process for the first by the system master hand-crafted Yinwen anti-book cavity, used to Fan Yang mother, Yang Yang Fan Fan system again Fan Yin sub-Fan, Fan Fan can be used to make coins. Therefore, the role and function of Zufan is similar to the carving ancestral money used in the gold coffin made by the Czarist Law in the later years, which is of great value. In the new reign of the unearthed and handed down, the ancestral models have become rare, and the new reincarnation of Fanzu, one of the two knives and one spring, is the one unprecedented in the story. It is even more rare. After sharing each other’s beloved things, Shi Fan Sui return possession. I hereby try to outline this one or two. First, the fan shape characteristics. Van is talc