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近年来,有关病毒引起的急性胃肠炎的报导激增,首先是诺沃克(Norwalk)及其有关的病毒证明是某些急性流行性胃肠炎综合征的病原,根据Greenberg等的研究,在无选择的70起急性胃肠炎暴发事件中,1/3是由Norwalk病毒引起的,这类急性胃肠炎的流行,与饮水、游泳或进食牡蛎等有关,其次是人类轮状病毒(human rotaviruses),现已证实人类轮状病毒是全世界大部分婴幼儿严重腹泻的主要病因。直到目前为止还没有直接针对肠道病毒的疫苗,因为引起急性胃肠炎的病毒还不能在试管内培养。Norwalk属病毒对实验室的各种培养都不生长,该病毒的唯一来源是感染者的粪便。由于轮状病毒在世界大部分地区是婴幼儿急性胃肠道疾病的重要病因,曾对轮状病毒的一种变异型作过小猪传代接种至11代,其病毒能有效地在非洲绿猴的肾细胞上生长,设法控制该病毒的流行已成为公共卫生的一个课题。
In recent years, there has been a surge in reports of acute gastroenteritis caused by viruses. First, Norwalk and its related viruses prove to be the pathogens of some acute epidemic gastroenteritis syndromes. According to Greenberg et al. One out of 70 selected acute gastroenteritis outbreaks were caused by the Norwalk virus, a type of acute gastroenteritis that is associated with drinking water, swimming or eating oysters, followed by human rotaviruses ), Human rotavirus has now been proven to be the leading cause of severe diarrhea in most infants and young children worldwide. So far no vaccines have been directed against enteroviruses because the virus that causes acute gastroenteritis can not yet be cultured in vitro. The Norwalk virus does not grow in any culture in the laboratory, and the only source of the virus is the infected man’s stool. Since rotavirus is an important cause of acute gastrointestinal diseases in infants and young children in most parts of the world, a variant of rotavirus was inoculated into the 11th passage and the virus was able to effectively kill the African green monkeys Of the growth of kidney cells, trying to control the epidemic of the virus has become a public health topic.