论文部分内容阅读
目的探讨燃煤电厂工作场所铅水平及其作业人员的铅接触水平。方法采用简单随机抽样法选择广东省16家燃煤电厂作为调查企业,收集电厂职业卫生基线资料。采集24份原煤样品和7份煤灰样品,采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定其铅水平。采用分层抽样的方法选择使用国产煤种、进口煤种和其他煤种的燃煤电厂各1家开展问卷调查,测定其工作场所空气中铅烟(尘)时间加权平均浓度(CTWA),同时检测195名职业接触铅的生产人员(观察组)和无职业性铅接触的150名行政人员(对照组)的血铅水平。结果原煤和煤灰铅水平分别为13.33(4.06~29.45)和16.68(6.37~32.50)mg/kg。国产煤种、进口煤种和其他煤种的原煤含铅水平分别为12.20(9.74,19.27)、9.42(7.18,14.22)和9.72(4.74,21.35)mg/kg,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各工作场所空气中铅烟(尘)CTWA检测结果均低于职业接触限值。观察组作业人员血铅水平高于对照组(42.76 vs 35.73μg/L,P<0.01)。结论燃煤电厂原煤和煤灰均含有不同程度的铅,应重视燃煤电厂生产人员的体内铅蓄积和远期职业危害问题。
Objective To explore the level of lead in the workplace of coal-fired power plants and the level of lead exposure of workers. Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 16 coal-fired power plants in Guangdong Province as the investigation enterprises, collecting baseline data of occupational health in power plants. 24 samples of raw coal and 7 samples of coal ash were collected and their lead levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A stratified sampling method was used to select one coal-fired power plant with domestic coal, imported coal and other coal types to conduct a questionnaire survey to measure the time-weighted average concentration (Pb) of lead smoke (dust) in the workplace air (CTWA) Blood lead levels were measured in 195 occupationally exposed lead producers (observation group) and 150 administrative staff (control group) without occupational lead exposure. Results The lead and coal ash levels were 13.33 (4.06-29.45) and 16.68 (6.37- 32.50) mg / kg, respectively. The lead levels of domestic coal, imported coal and other coal were 12.20 (9.74, 19.27), 9.42 (7.18, 14.22) and 9.72 (4.74, 21.35) mg / kg respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The CTWA test results of lead smoke (dust) in the workplace air were lower than the occupational exposure limits. Blood lead levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (42.76 vs 35.73 μg / L, P <0.01). Conclusion Both coal and coal ash in coal-fired power plants contain different levels of lead, and the problems of lead accumulation and long-term occupational hazards in coal-fired power plant workers should be emphasized.