早在十九世纪中叶,科学家们就观察到一种微生物抑制或杀灭另一种微生物的现象称之为抗生现象,并认为这是由于微生物互相竞争同一养料而引起的。后来科学家们觉察到某些微生物能制造一些对其他微生物有毒或甚至致命的物质并命名为抗生素。 As early as the mid-nineteenth century, scientists observed that a phenomenon in which a microorganism inhibits or kills another is called antibiosis and believes it is caused by the competition of microorganisms with one another. Later scientists were aware that certain microbes could make some substances that are toxic or even fatal to other microbes and named them antibiotics.