颅内外血管搭桥术是公认的治疗成人烟雾病患者的主要方法，然而，颅内外血管搭桥术治疗非烟雾病性慢性脑缺血的疗效目前尚未完全阐明，其涉及到脑血流自主调节、脑代谢、认知功能、高级神经活动等一系列脑科学相关领域。因此，本文回顾国内外采用颅内外血管搭桥术治疗非烟雾病性慢性脑缺血的相关研究，以期提高临床工作者的认识，更好地促进颅内外血管搭桥术的应用和推广。“,”Intracranial and extracranial vascular bypass surgery is recognized as the main method for treatment of adult patients with moyamoya disease. However, its role in treatment of chronic non-moyamoya cerebral ischemia disease has not been fully elucidated, which involves a series of unknown fields of brain science, such as cerebral blood flow regulation, brain metabolism, cognitive function, and advanced neural activity. Therefore, this article reviews the history of intracranial and extracranial vascular bypass surgery in the treatment of chronic non-moyamoya cerebral ischemia disease to improve the understanding of clinical workers to better promote the application and promotion of intracranial and extracranial vascular bypass surgery.