由联合国开发计划署提出的“能力贫困”指标，强调贫困不仅仅是缺少收入，更重要的是基本生存与发展能力的匮乏和不足。与国内发达地区相比，中国西部地区人口的整体素质偏低、人力资本存量不足、健康水平相对较差、知识资源储备不够，特别是社会认知能力缺欠等问题比较突出。为此，在实施西部大开发战略中，要坚持“以人为本”，注重培育人们的主体意识，重视消除人口的“能力贫困”，突出能力建设，使西部地区真正具备持续、稳定、健康发展的内在动力和外在机制。 The indicator of “capacity poverty” put forward by the United Nations Development Program emphasizes that poverty is not just a lack of income, but more importantly, there is a lack of basic capacity for survival and development. Compared with the developed areas in China, the overall quality of the population in the western part of China is low, the stock of human capital is insufficient, the health level is relatively poor, the reserve of knowledge resources is not enough, and especially the problem of lack of social cognition is prominent. Therefore, in implementing the strategy of developing the west, we must adhere to the principle of “people first”, focus on cultivating people’s awareness of subjectivity, attach importance to eliminating the “ability and poverty” of the population, highlight capacity-building so that the western region truly has a constant, stable and healthy development Motivation and external mechanisms.