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沙漠中水分条件是决定生态分异的关键因素,地表凝结水的产生对沙漠植物与结皮生物的水分补充有重要的作用。利用微渗计对古尔班通古特沙漠土壤表层凝结水形成特征及影响因素进行分析。研究表明沙漠土壤凝结水形成总量随着表层土壤生物演替从流沙、藻类、地衣和苔藓依次增加。分析影响凝结水形成的因素表明土壤中细粒物质以及地衣和苔藓生物相对土壤粗粒物质更有利于凝结水形成。在土壤结皮演替过程中土壤中的细粒颗粒含量增加的同时生物有机体含量也在增加,因而随着表层土壤生物演替凝结水形成量呈增加趋势。凝结水形成量与日均相对湿度、土壤湿度呈显著正相关,而与日均风速、日均温度、土壤温度呈负相关。研究说明在干旱的沙漠地带土壤凝结水是除降水以外补充表层土壤水分重要的水分来源。
The water conditions in the desert are the key factors that determine the ecological differentiation. The production of surface condensate water plays an important role in the water supplement of desert plants and crustaceans. The micro-osmometer was used to analyze the forming characteristics and influencing factors of surface condensate in Gurbantunggut Desert. The results show that the total amount of condensate formed in desert soil increases with the succession of surface soil biological succession from quicksand, algae, lichens and moss. The analysis of the factors affecting the formation of condensed water shows that the fine-grained material in the soil and the lichen and moss organisms are more conducive to the formation of condensed water than the coarse-grained soil material. In the process of soil crust succession, the contents of finer grains increased and the contents of bio-organisms also increased. Therefore, with the development of soil biological succession, the formation of condensed water showed an increasing trend. The amount of condensate formed was positively correlated with the average daily relative humidity and soil moisture, but negatively correlated with daily average wind speed, daily average temperature and soil temperature. Research indicates that soil condensation in arid desert regions is a significant source of moisture that replenishes surface soil moisture other than precipitation.