新生血管形成的基本过程包括血管内皮细胞(EC)激活、细胞外基质(ECM)降解、EC 移行和增殖、管腔结构形成以及血管外膜形成。在新生血管的形成过程中,血管生成诱导因子和血管生成抑制因子共同作用,两者的平衡控制了血管的形成。如果这种平衡被改变,减少血管生成抑制因子或增加血管生成诱导因子的水平,都将促进新生血管的形成。很多细胞因子、细胞及 ECM 参与了新生血 The basic processes of neovascularization include endothelial cell (EC) activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, EC migration and proliferation, lumenal structure formation and extravascular membrane formation. During the process of neovascularization, the angiogenesis-inducing factor interacts with the angiogenesis inhibitor, and the balance between the two controls blood vessel formation. If this balance is altered, reducing angiogenesis inhibitors or increasing levels of angiogenic inducers will promote neovascularization. Many cytokines, cells and ECM are involved in neogenesis