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血栓的形成严重影响了人类的健康,迄今为止尚未明确其形成机制。研究发现,血小板上的一种受体GPIbα,在血栓的形成中发挥重要作用。GPIbα通过与凝血酶和VWF的结合而激活血小板,是促成血栓的形成的主要途径;结合位点位于GPIbα的265-288残基区域,并受到其他区域的调节。其他途径,如GPIbα的膜外功能区脱落形成s GPIb,同样也会对血栓的形成造成影响。体内多种因素的影响,如PARs、ADAM-17和14-3-3ζ等,会对GPIbα的生理功能造成影响,并最终影响了血栓的形成。本文主要对目前基于GPIbα受体的血栓形成研究成果,对GPIbα的结构、功能和介导血栓形成的机制作一综述,期望对血栓形成和治疗的进一步研究起到一定的帮助。
The formation of thrombus has a serious impact on human health, so far the mechanism of its formation has not been clear. The study found that GPIbα, a receptor on platelets, plays an important role in thrombus formation. GPIbα activates platelets by binding to thrombin and VWF, which is the primary pathway leading to thrombus formation; the binding site is located in residues 265-288 of GPIbα and is regulated by other regions. Other pathways, such as the loss of the extramembranous functional area of GPIbα forming s GPIb, also have an impact on thrombus formation. The effects of various factors in the body, such as PARs, ADAM-17 and 14-3-3ζ, affect the physiological function of GPIbα and ultimately affect thrombus formation. This review summarizes the current research on thrombosis based on GPIbα receptor, and reviews the structure, function and mechanism of thrombosis of GPIbα. It is expected that this study may be helpful for the further study of thrombosis and treatment.