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表达自由是被视为民主社会中公民第一权利,主要包括公民的言论自由和新闻媒体的新闻出版自由。传统的思想市场理论认为,让思想之间进行完全竞争,就可以达成自我实现、发现真理、健全民主和促进变革的价值。大众传媒的发展改变思想市场结构,也导致思想市场的失灵。为保障言论自由的实现,必须赋予公民以接近和使用媒体的权利,以有效制约媒体滥用新闻出版自由。媒体近用权是一项积极权利,需要借助政府对媒体的结构规制和行为规制才能实现。互联网的发展带给表达自由的不全是福音,诸如数字鸿沟、信息过滤等都构成对媒体近用权的挑战。
Freedom of expression is regarded as the first right of citizens in a democratic society, including citizens’ freedom of speech and freedom of press and press in the news media. The traditional theory of market theory holds that letting the perfect competition between ideas achieve the values of self-actualization, truth discovery, sound democracy, and promotion of change. The development of mass media has changed the market structure of ideas and has also led to the failure of the ideological market. In order to guarantee the realization of freedom of speech, citizens must be given the right to access and use the media so as to effectively restrict media abuse of press freedom. The recent exercise of the media right is a positive right that can only be achieved through the government’s structural and behavioral regulation of the media. The development of the Internet gives expression of freedom is not the gospel, such as the digital divide, information filtering, etc. constitute a challenge to the media right of use.