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OBJECTIVE To explore the relation of cystatin C and cathepsin B expression to the pathological grade and invasion of human gliomas.METHODS A immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cystatin C and cathepsin B in 57 glioma samples.RESULTS The expression of cystatin C in high-grade (Grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ )gliomas was significantly weaker than that in low-grade(Grade Ⅰ～Ⅱ, P=0.0001).On the other hand, the expression of cathepsin B in high-grade gliomas was significantly stronger than that in low-grade (P=0.0001). Cystatin C expression correlated inversely with cathepsin B expression in gliomas (P=0.01).CONCLUSION Cystatin C and cathepsin B expression is related to the pathological grade and invasion of gliomas. Combining detection of cystatin C and cathepsin B expressions might provide significant information for clinical assessment of maglignant phenotypes and invasion of gliomas.