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复合动词的语义受前后项的影响比较大,尤其是后项,复合动词语义的多样化和后项动词的语义扩展又有直接的关联,理清这些内在关联,对复合动词整体语义的把握起着非常重要的作用。本文选取后项为「たつ」的复合动词为例,从认知语言学的角度,运用原型理论,隐喻和转喻的理论对其语义扩展进行了考证。得出:「たつ」型复合动词的语义扩展的过程,即是后项「たつ」由原型义不断向周边义扩展的过程,在此过程中,隐喻和转喻机制起着非常重要的作用。在隐喻的扩展中,「たつ」的“站立性”“向上性”引申出时间上的开始和感情等的高扬。在转喻的语义扩展中,引申出程度的增加和新事物的产生等。
The semantics of compound verbs are influenced by the front and back items, especially the latter items. The diversification of compound semantics and the semantic extension of the latter verbs are also directly related to clarify these internal relationships, and grasp the overall semantic of compound verbs A very important role. Taking the compound verb with the latter item as “ta tsu” as an example, this article uses the theory of prototype, metaphor and metonymy to study its semantic extension from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. It is concluded that the process of semantic expansion of the “ta tsu” -type compound verb means that the latter term “ta tsu” extends from the prototype meaning to the perilous meaning continuously. In this process, the metaphor and metonymic mechanisms play a very important role. In the expansion of metaphor, the “standing ” “upward ” of “ta zu” extended the beginning of time and the promotion of feelings. In the semantic expansion of metonymy, the extension of degree and the emergence of new things are introduced.