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搞活国有企业,始终是整个经济体制改革的中心环节。从放权让利、利改税、承包制到目前实施《条例》,转换机制,推动企业进入市场,已走过15个年头的艰苦探索历程。可以说,国有企业的整体面貌发生了巨大而深刻的变化。但与建立市场竞争主体要求相比,由于国有企业产权关系模糊、无人具体负责,导致内无利益驱动、外无竞争压力。于是,在与非国有企业较量中,仍然显得很乏力,甚至大有被“老乡”超过之势。面对此情,国有企业的出路何在?国家体改委副主任洪虎说:
Invigorating state-owned enterprises has always been the central link in the entire economic system reform. From decentralization, profit-sharing, taxation, and contracting to the implementation of the “Regulations” and the conversion mechanism to promote enterprises to enter the market, they have gone through an arduous process of exploration for 15 years. It can be said that the overall appearance of state-owned enterprises has undergone tremendous and profound changes. However, compared with the requirements for the establishment of a market competition subject, due to the ambiguous nature of the ownership of state-owned enterprises and their lack of specific responsibilities, there is no interest-driven and no-competition pressure inside. As a result, in the competition with non-state-owned enterprises, it still appears to be weak, and even more than the “hometown” than the trend. Faced with this situation, what is the way out for state-owned enterprises? Hong Hu, deputy director of the National Economic Reform Commission, said: