食管癌在发展中国家发病率较高,死亡率居高不下。在国内,鳞癌是最主要的组织学类型。而在欧美等发达国家,随着胃食管反流病和肥胖发生率的增加,腺癌发生率已超过鳞癌。由于两种组织学类型的预后和侵袭模式不同,目前,美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)已将两种不同的组织学类型分 Esophageal cancer in developing countries a higher incidence, high mortality. In China, squamous cell carcinoma is the most important type of histology. In developed countries such as Europe and the United States, with the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease and obesity increased, the incidence of adenocarcinoma has exceeded squamous cell carcinoma. Due to the different prognostic and invasive modalities of both histologic types, at present, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) has divided two distinct histological types