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为探讨东北松嫩平原碳酸盐类水养殖南美白对虾的可能性,野外条件下利用养鱼的天然泡沼水进行了试养。结果表明,淡化幼虾在盐度0.036%~0.099%的天然碳酸盐类淡水环境可生存48 h,在盐度0.1%~0.35%的碳酸盐类半咸水环境的生存时间不超过24 h。淡化幼虾在天然碳酸盐类水环境生存的障碍因子,可能是K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+(尤其是K+)的浓度较低;Na+/K+值、Ca2+/Mg2+值偏高或偏低;CO32-、HCO3-浓度及碱度、pH、离子系数较高。认为通过适应性驯化,提高幼虾对综合水环境因子的适应能力,是内陆碳酸盐类水养殖南美白对虾的根本途径。
In order to explore the possibility of culture of P. vannamei in the carbonate waters of the Songnen Plains in northeast China, the experiment was carried out under the field conditions using the natural bubble marsh water of fish culture. The results showed that the desalinated juvenile shrimp could survive for 48 h in the natural carbonate freshwater environment with the salinity of 0.036% -0.099%, and the survival time in the saline brackish water with the salinity of 0.1% -0.35% did not exceed 24 h. The destructive factors that may affect the survival of juvenile shrimp in natural carbonate water environment may be that the concentrations of K +, Na +, Ca2 + and Mg2 + (especially K +) are lower; the values of Na + / K + and Ca2 + / Mg2 + are higher or lower; -, HCO3- concentration and alkalinity, pH, higher ion coefficient. It is considered that adaptation of domesticated juvenile shrimp to integrated aquatic environmental factors through adaptation domestication is the fundamental way of inland carbonate-based aquaculture of P. vannamei.