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质谱技术在精准医疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。但由于该技术较复杂、缺乏标准化、无监管批准的方法，要保证检测结果的高质量和实验室间的可比性，极具挑战。室间质量评价（EQA）是一种有效的工具，可以帮助实验室改进质量、促进实验室间的结果互认，从而改善患者照护、促进医疗资源更有效地利用。选择和/或建立，符合质谱技术特点，并满足临床需求的质谱项目的EQA计划具有挑战性。重点回顾2015—2020年发表的与质谱项目EQA相关的文献，同时检索了具有代表性的EQA计划网站，总结了目前可用的EQA计划特点，为实验室选择EQA计划提供参考。研究发现，虽然基于同组方法分析的EQA计划经济、容易实现，但基于正确度的EQA计划，可以帮助实验室提高质量，并促进实验室间结果互认，是有效的EQA计划。选择或建立质谱项目有关的EQA计划时，需要综合考虑这些方面，以确保计划的有效性和实用性。“,”Mass spectrometry (MS) plays an increasingly important role in precision medicine. However, due to the complexity of the technology and lack of standardized method approved by regulatory authority, it is challenging to maintain high quality and achieve interlaboratory commutability. External Quality Assessment (EQA) is a useful tool to help laboratories improve quality and interlaboratory commutability, resulting in better patient care and more efficient use of medical resources. Selecting and/or creating appropriate EQA programs that are suitable for the MS technical specifics and clinical needs are challenging. In this review, we searched PubMed and critically reviewed the articles on this topic that were published between 2015-2020. We also searched websites of representative EQA programs. A summary of currently available EQA programs is included for laboratories to consider. We found that an effective EQA program may significantly help laboratories improve quality and interlaboratory commutability. Accuracy based EQA programs are most effective, while peer-group based programs are more affordable and easier to implement. When selecting or creating an EQA program for MS assays, all aspects need to be considered to ensure effectiveness and practicality.