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综述了寄生蜂寄主搜索过程中的学习行为的概念、过程、适应性意义及影响因子。学习是寄生蜂的一种普遍特征 ,但学习基本上只发生在成虫期 ,其中联系性学习是一个主要特征。学习可产生启动和嗜好性学习二种效应 ,在寄生蜂搜索寄主的各个步骤中发挥重要作用 ,使其在复杂多变的生存环境中可高效地识别和利用各种有用信息 ,提高搜索效率。学习的潜力及效应可依寄生蜂和寄主的食性专化程度、寄主的发育阶段、寄生蜂自身的生理状态及环境中刺激的性质等因子而变化。对寄生蜂学习行为的了解有助于发展对其行为调控的技术 ,提高寄生蜂对害虫控制的效能。
The concept, process, adaptability and influential factors of learning behavior in parasitoid bee host search are summarized. Learning is a common feature of parasitoids, but learning occurs only in adult stages, of which contact learning is a major feature. Learning can produce both start-up and addictive learning effects, play an important role in the various steps of the parasitoid search host, making it efficient in identifying and using a variety of useful information in a complex and ever-changing living environment to improve search efficiency. The potential and effects of learning vary depending on the degree of especialization of the parasitoid and host, the developmental stage of the host, the physiological status of the parasitoid itself, and the nature of the stimuli in the environment. Knowledge of parasitoid learning behavior helps to develop techniques that govern its behavior and enhance the effectiveness of parasitoid on pest control.