1.本試驗研究了花椰菜品种山农1号与澄海早正反交杂种第一代的生产性能和与栽培有关的遺傳性狀,获得了初步結果。 2.正反交組合的杂种,在花球的产量,厚实度(品質)和成熟期方面,除了成熟期介于兩亲本之間和受澄海早的早熟特性影响較大以外,其他都超过兩亲本,但以澄海早×山农1号之正交组合較优。正交組合的杂种与晚熟高产亲本山农1号比較,产量高21.13%,厚实度大36.61%,平均成熟日数提早27天;与早熟低产亲本澄海早比較,产量高58.55%,厚实度大37.5%,平均成熟日数只多8天。这表明正交組合的杂种充分集中了兩个亲本的优点,而且表現杂交优势。反交組合的杂种与山农1号比較,虽然产量只高5.6%和不显著,但花球厚实度增加了26.79%和平均成熟日数提早了22天;而在与澄海早比較时,产量高出43.02%,厚实度大27.68%,平均成熟日数也只多了13天。表明正交組合杂种的生产性能也优于兩个亲本,而能用之于生产,使生产杂种种子的費用得以大大降低。 3.在与栽培有关的植物学性狀的遺傳方面,研究了子叶的顏色与大小,胚軸色澤、真叶的顏色、数目和大小,莖生叶的重量和其上脈生叶的有无,莖的高度与粗度,花球大小。結果表明,子叶上藍綠色对綠色和紫色对无紫,胚軸上紫色对无紫,以及翼叶的藍綠对綠和莖生叶上有脈生叶对无脈生叶,在子代都为显性遺傳。杂种子叶寬度为兩亲本的1.5倍,表現强烈的杂交优势。所有这些性狀都为鑑别杂种的指示性狀。其他性狀在子代都表現介于兩亲之間,而且接近于山农1号方面,因此性狀不显明,只能作为鑑別杂种的参照性狀。在栽培杂种时,可根据子叶期的性狀,利用勻苗来淘汰非杂种植株,有利于杂交种子的推广工作。 4.杂种的兩个亲本开花期不一,相差30——40天,造成生产天然杂交种子的困难,而有待于进二步研究解决。 1. This experiment studied the cauliflower varieties Shannong 1 and Chenghai early positive and negative hybrid first generation performance and cultivation-related genetic traits, obtained the preliminary results. Hybrids of reciprocal crosses were more than two in the yield, maturity (quality) and maturity of hybrids, except for the maturity period between parents and the early maturity characteristics of Chenghai early Parents, but the early × Shannong 1 Chenghai orthogonal combination is better. Compared with late-maturing and high-yielding parent Shannong 1, the cross between the orthogonal combinations was 21.13% and 36.61% respectively, and the average number of mature days was 27 days earlier than that of the early maturing and low yielding parents. The yield was 58.55% and the thickness was 37.5 %, The average number of mature days only more than 8 days. This indicates that the hybrids of orthogonal combinations fully integrate the advantages of both parents and show hybridization advantages. Compared with Shanyong 1, the cross between the hybrids and Shanyong 1 showed that although the yield was only 5.6% and insignificant, the thickness of curd increased by 26.79% and the average number of mature days was 22 days earlier than that of Shanyong 1 while the yield was high Out 43.02%, 27.68% greater degree of solidity, the average number of mature days only more than 13 days. It shows that the performance of cross combinations is superior to that of two parents and can be used for production so that the cost of producing hybrid seeds can be greatly reduced. Cotyledon color and size, hypocotyl color, true leaf color, number and size, the weight of cauline leaves and the presence or absence of its upper veins leaves were studied in the genetic aspects of plant-related botanical traits. Stem height and thickness, flower ball size. The results showed that the cyan leaves on the cotyledons had no purple on the green and purple leaves, the purple leaves on the hypocotyls did not have purple leaves, and the blue-green leaves on the green leaves and the cauline leaves had veinless leaves on the green and cauline leaves. For dominant inheritance. Hybrid cotyledon width of 1.5 times the amphiploid, showing strong heterosis. All of these traits are indicative traits for identifying hybrids. Other traits in the offspring are between the two progenies, and close to Shannon 1, so the trait is not obvious, only as a reference hybrids to identify traits. In the cultivation of hybrids, according to the characteristics of cotyledons, the use of uniform seedlings to eliminate non-hybrid plants is conducive to the promotion of hybrid seeds. Hybrids two parents flowering of different, a difference of 30 - 40 days, resulting in the production of natural hybrid seeds difficult to be further research to be resolved.