目的:评价新型农村合作医疗实施“按人头支付”改革对参合农民住院医疗费用控制的效果。方法:收集浦东新区“按人头支付”改革实施前、后的新型农村合作医疗运行数据以及5.1万住院人次的就诊费用、补偿金额等数据并进行比较分析。结果:支付方式改革后,对于控制住院费用的过快增长有一定作用,其中以镇级机构效果最为明显。结论:针对二、三级医院的控费配套措施以及评价转诊服务合理性等方面仍有待深入研究。 Objective: To evaluate the effect of new Rural Cooperative Medical System (CMS) implementation on the control of hospitalized medical expenses of participating peasants by the “pay-as-you-go” reform. Methods: The data of new rural cooperative medical system before and after the implementation of reform and “payment per head” in Pudong New Area were collected, and the data such as the medical expenses and compensation amount for 51,000 inpatients were collected and compared. Results: After the reform of the payment method, it played a certain role in controlling excessive growth of hospitalization expenses, of which the most obvious result was from the town-level institutions. Conclusion: It is yet to be further studied in respect of the complementary control measures for second and third level hospitals and the evaluation of the rationality of referral services.