数学是一门十分古老的学科,它的最早出现,可以追溯到新石器时代。从最一般的观点来考察,数学的历史可以分为四个基本的,在质上不同的时代。当然,精确划分这些时代是不可能的,因为每一个相继的时代的本质特征多少都是逐渐形成的,不过这些时代的区别和它们之间的过渡能够十分明显地表示出来,即崩芽时期,从最古的时代起,终止予纪元前五世纪,也许更早些;初等数学即常量数学时期,这个时期延续了将近两千年, Mathematics is a very ancient discipline, its earliest appearance, dating back to the Neolithic Age. From the most general point of view, the history of mathematics can be divided into four basic, qualitatively different times. Of course, it is impossible to classify these times accurately because the essential features of each successive era are gradually formed. However, the differences between these times and the transition between them can be quite clearly expressed. That is, From the earliest ages, the termination to the fifth century before the eighteenth century, perhaps earlier; elementary mathematics is the constant mathematics period, this period lasted nearly two thousand years,