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为了能够掌握大亚湾物种多样性状况,本文利用2004–2015年大亚湾底栖生物调查底拖网数据,研究了该海域的生物种类组成、优势种及物种多样性的时空变化。结果表明:2004–2015年共获得海洋动物429种,隶属于10门16纲175科309属,各航次物种数变化范围在75–114种之间,不同年份、季节均以软体动物、节肢动物和鱼类为主要生物类群;大亚湾物种数量的空间分布存在差异,春季在2007年前基本呈现海湾西部高于东部的趋势,夏季在2008年前则呈现向海湾西南部升高的趋势,之后不同季节则基本呈现湾口高于湾内北部、东部高于西部的趋势;大亚湾的主要优势种具有一定的季节性变化,春季常以鳞片帝汶蛤(Timoclea imbricata)或波纹巴非蛤(Paratapes undulatus)优势度最高,夏季2004–2007年间优势度最高的优势种经常变化,2008年后则以棒锥螺(Turritella bacillum)优势度最高,秋季棒锥螺或鳞片帝汶蛤优势度最高;2004年后大亚湾底拖网物种多样性呈逐渐降低的趋势,特别是海湾北部物种多样性下降严重,受人类活动的干扰较大。目前,大亚湾的局部区域承担了整个海湾物种多样性的维持功能,底栖生态系统相对更加脆弱。
In order to grasp the species diversity in the Daya Bay, this paper studied the temporal and spatial changes of species composition, dominant species and species diversity in the area using the bottom trawl data from Daya Bay for 2004-2015. The results showed that a total of 429 species of marine animals were obtained from 2004 to 2015, belonging to 10 families, 16 classes, 175 families and 309 genera, and the number of species varied from 75 to 114 in each voyage. In different years and seasons, molluscs and arthropods And fish as the main biological groups. The spatial distribution of species numbers in the Daya Bay is quite different. In spring before 2007, the trend is higher in the western part of the gulf than in the eastern part. In summer, the number of species in the Daya Bay tends to increase toward the southwestern part of the gulf. The seasons showed that the mouth of the bayou was higher than the northern part of the bay mouth and the eastern part of the bay was higher than the western part. The main dominant species of Daya Bay had some seasonal changes. In spring, the dominant species was Timoclea imbricata or Paratapes undulatus The dominant species with the highest degree of dominance in summer and summer 2004-2007 varied frequently, the highest was Turritella bacillum after 2008, and the highest was dominance in fall cone-cone or scale Timor-Leste. After 2004, Daya Bay Bottom trawl species diversity is gradually decreasing trend, especially in the northern Gulf species diversity declined seriously, subject to human disturbance. At present, some parts of the Daya Bay bear the maintenance function of the species diversity of the Gulf, and the benthic ecosystem is relatively more vulnerable.