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CHFR(Checkpoint with FHA and ring finger),是Scolnick和Halazonetis于2000年新发现的一种能够检测分裂期正常细胞的分裂情况及控制分裂进行的基因,是一个新的有丝分裂前期检查点基因,同时也是一种新发现的抑癌基因。CHFR编码一种具有FHA和RING区的蛋白,当微管抑制剂诱发有丝分裂应激时,这种蛋白具有延迟染色体的浓集、阻止细胞进入有丝分裂中前期的作用,在正常人组织中普遍表达,而在多种肿瘤组织中发现其表达缺失,而CpG岛的甲基化是导致CHFR表达缺失或沉默的重要机制。胃癌是世界上发病率最高的肿瘤之一,在肿瘤引起的死亡原因中占第二位。胃癌的发生过程涉及到许多基因和复杂的步骤,相关基因包括癌基因,抑癌基因,DNA修复基因,抑癌基因的功能由于基因突变、启动子的甲基化而丢失。甲基化发生于基因的启动子区时会导致基因的沉默,由此而引发肿瘤的发生。启动子区异常甲基化已经作为细胞恶变的一个独立的途径而被许多文献所报道,有研究显示胃癌的发生发展过程中也涉及许多抑癌基因的甲基化现象,其中包括CHFR基因。本文对CHFR基因的结构、编码蛋白的功能及其与胃癌关系的研究进展作一综述。
CHFR (Checkpoint with FHA and ring finger) is a new gene discovered by Scolnick and Halazonetis in 2000 to detect the cleavage of normal cell division and to control division. It is a new pre-mitotic checkpoint gene and is also A newly discovered tumor suppressor gene. CHFR encodes a protein with FHA and RING domains. When microtubule inhibitors induce mitotic stress, this protein has the effect of delaying the concentration of chromosomes, preventing cells from entering the mitotic metaphase, being generally expressed in normal human tissues, However, the expression of CpG island is not found in many tumor tissues. Methylation of CpG island is an important mechanism leading to the loss or silencing of CHFR expression. Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently occurring tumors in the world, accounting for the second leading cause of death from cancer. The process of gastric cancer involves many genes and complex steps. The related genes including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and tumor suppressor genes are lost due to gene mutation and promoter methylation. Methylation occurs in the promoter region of the gene will lead to gene silencing, thus triggering the tumor. Aberrant methylation of the promoter region has been reported in many literatures as an independent pathway of cell malignancy. Some studies have shown that methylation of many tumor suppressor genes is also involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer, including the CHFR gene. This review summarizes the research progress of the structure of CHFR gene, the function of the encoded protein and its relationship with gastric cancer.