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东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地。由于百余年的开垦,导致水土流失十分严重。为保护黑土资源,2003~2005年国家实施了东北黑土区水土流失综合防治试点工程,同时开展了水土保持监测。通过对项目区5条重点小流域内的径流小区径流泥沙监测,对比分析各种措施的减沙保土效益。2004年监测数据分析表明:“试点工程”坡面治理中的几种主要措施保土效益十分明显。与裸地相比,减沙保土效益最好的是水平台田,可减少土壤流失量高达99.8%,其次是地梗植物带为93.0%,荒山荒坡灌木梗为87.6%,等高耕作为78%。若与顺坡垄相比,等高耕作比顺坡耕作的保土效益高,达93.2%。
The black soil area in Northeast China is an important commodity grain base. As a result of more than 100 years of reclamation, soil erosion has been very serious. In order to protect the black soil resources, from 2003 to 2005, the state implemented the pilot project of comprehensive prevention and control of soil erosion in the black soil area of Northeast China, and carried out soil and water conservation monitoring. Through the runoff and sediment monitoring of runoff plots in five key small watersheds in the project area, the benefit of sand reduction and soil conservation by various measures is comparatively analyzed. Analysis of monitoring data in 2004 shows that the benefits of soil conservation are significant for several major measures in slope management of “pilot projects”. Compared with the bare land, the best benefit of reducing soil and sediment is the horizontal platform, which can reduce the amount of soil erosion up to 99.8%, followed by 93.0% of the terrestrial stem strips, 87.6% of the barren hills and shrubs, contouring 78%. Compared with Shun ridge, contour tillage tillage benefits of soil conservation benefit of 93.2%.