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作为后维多利亚时代的人类学家,鲍德温·斯宾塞(Baldwin Spencer)率先开展了澳洲中部和北部的土著部落考察,由此诞生的一系列民族志文本深刻影响了相关学科对于亲属制度、图腾、原始宗教等方面的研究。在古典学、人类学等领域,斯宾塞的学术遗产得到了普遍的尊重与承认,并为后续的学术思考与讨论奠定了可能性。本文以时间和事件为基本线索,系统介绍斯宾塞早期学科训练与知识背景、中期民族志调查与书写、晚期火地岛研究与田野转向三个方面的内容。基于斯宾斯生平史与学术史的文本研究对于理解其民族志调查与民族志文本将大有裨益。
As a post-Victorian anthropologist, Baldwin Spencer pioneered the study of indigenous tribes in central and northern Australia. The resulting series of ethnographic texts profoundly affected the relative discipline’s influence on kinship, totem, Primitive religion and other aspects of research. Spencer’s academic heritage has been universally respected and acknowledged in the fields of classical studies and anthropology, and has laid the foundation for subsequent academic thinking and discussion. This paper takes time and events as the basic clues and systematically introduces the contents of Spencer’s early disciplinary training and knowledge background, mid-term ethnographic investigation and writing, late Tierra del Fuego research and field steering. Textual research based on the history of Spence’s life and academic history will be of great benefit in understanding its ethnographic investigation and ethnographic texts.