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2006-2007年,在浙江湖州,通过翘嘴红鲌(♀)和团头鲂(♂)间的属间杂交,成功获得了杂种F1,并通过对杂种F1及其父母本的形态、核型和基因组分析比较,探讨了杂种F1的性状变异和遗传组成情况。结果表明:(1)翘嘴红鲌(♀)和团头鲂(♂)间具有良好的亲和力,其杂交受精率、孵化率均达到90%以上;(2)翘嘴红鲌(♀)×团头鲂(♂)杂种F1的多数可数可量性状表现为中间型。在10个可数性状中,鳃耙数、侧线鳞等3个性状介于父母本之间,其平均杂种指数为54.56,显示杂种F1的可数性状接近于中间值,略偏向于父本团头鲂;在17个常规可量性状中,有9个性状与父母本差异显著,其中有4个性状偏向于父本,有3个偏向于母本,有2个超父母本偏离,其平均杂种指数为49.59,也显示杂种F1的可量性状处于中间值;进一步对框架参数的聚类和判别分析显示,杂种F1的框架体型与父母本差异较大,接近于中间型,但受母本影响较多;(3)杂种F1的染色体数(2n)为48,核型公式为18m+26sm+4st(NF=92),说明杂种F1为二倍体,并可预测杂种F1可育;(4)杂种F1大部分RAPD扩增条带能在亲本中找到,有的仅来自于父本,有的仅来自于母本,说明杂种F1为二倍体杂种;杂种F1与母本的相对遗传距离为0.4327,而与父本的遗传距离0.2312,前者大于后者,表明杂种F1与两亲本的遗传差异不是对等的,而是偏向父本一方,UPGMA系统树也同样证明了这一点。
From 2006 to 2007, hybrid F1 was successfully obtained in Huzhou of Zhejiang Province through inter-species crosses between Alsophila spinulosa (♀) and 团 鲂 (♂) Compared with the genome analysis, the variation of F1 hybrids and their genetic composition were discussed. The results showed that: (1) There was a good affinity between Crested Ibis (♀) and 团 鲂 (♂), and the rate of hybridization and hatching rate reached more than 90%; (2) The most countable and measurable traits of the hybrid F1 of Bream (♂) hybrids appeared to be intermediate. Among the 10 countable traits, the average number of gill rakers and lateral scales was between parents, and the average hybrid index was 54.56, indicating that the countable traits of F1 hybrids were close to the median, slightly biased toward the male parents鲂; Among the 17 conventional measurable traits, 9 traits were significantly different from their parents, of which 4 traits were biased toward the male parent, 3 biased toward the female parent, 2 transplanted parents and the average hybrid The index of 49.59 also showed that the measurable trait of hybrid F1 was in the middle. Further clustering and discriminant analysis of the frame parameters showed that the frame size of hybrid F1 differed greatly from that of parents, but close to the intermediate type, but influenced by the mother (2) The number of chromosomes (2n) of hybrid F1 was 48 and the karyotype formula was 18m + 26sm + 4st (NF = 92), which indicated that hybrid F1 was diploid and the hybrid F1 could be fertile. ) Hybrid F1 Most RAPD bands can be found in the parents, some only from the male parent, others from the female parent only, indicating that the hybrid F1 is a diploid hybrid; the relative genetic distance between the hybrid F1 and the female parent Is 0.4327, while the genetic distance with the male parent is 0.2312, the former is greater than the latter, indicating that the genetic difference between the F1 hybrid and the two parents is not equal but rather biased This party, UPGMA phylogenetic tree also proved this point.