拒俄运动期间,上海的绅商士民以“文明排外”相号召,通过集会演说、组织社团、发行报刊等方式,引导舆论,聚集力量,造成声势,形成了有效的社会动员。由此,在民间社会的对外交涉和斗争中,确立并凸显了一种新的斗争方式和政治取向,提示了近代民族主义运动的可能发展路向。 During the period of Russia’s rejection of Russia’s movement, the gentry and business people in Shanghai called for “civilized xenophobia” and guided public opinions and gathered forces and formed an effective social mobilization by means of assembly speeches, organization of associations and distribution of newspapers and periodicals. Thus, in the external negotiations and struggles of civil society, a new form of struggle and political orientation was established and highlighted, suggesting the possible direction for the development of the modern nationalist movement.