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1980年以来,国家有关部门颁布了《锅炉压力容器焊工考试规则》、《压力容器安全监察规程》、《蒸气锅炉安全监察规程》、《锅炉压力容器安全监察暂行条例》及实施细则等技术法规。为锅炉压力容器制造安装技术赶超世界先进水平和提高焊接质量提出了具体要求和技术保证。如何保证焊接质量不仅要靠先进的施工方法,而且要靠科学的管理方法。故探索科学的焊接质量管理方法是当务之急。焊接质量在锅炉、压力容器的制造与安装以及油气田建设和化工装置的工艺安装中,起决定性的作用。而焊接质量的优劣是受焊接工艺、焊工操作技能、焊接设备、焊接材料、焊件材质、焊接环境诸条件以及科学的管理方法等因素的影响。我们在实际工作中,在这方面做了一些工作,本文分七个方面介绍我们的做法和体会,供同行们参考和探讨。
Since 1980, the relevant state departments have promulgated the Technical Rules for Boiler and Pressure Vessel Welder Examination Rules, Pressure Vessel Safety Supervision Regulations, Steam Boiler Safety Supervision Regulations, Provisional Regulations on the Safety Supervision of Boiler and Pressure Vessel, and Implementation Rules. For boilers and pressure vessel manufacture and installation of technology to catch up with the world advanced level and improve the quality of welding put forward the specific requirements and technical assurance. How to ensure the quality of welding depends not only on advanced construction methods, but also on scientific management methods. Therefore, to explore the scientific method of welding quality management is a top priority. Welding quality plays a decisive role in the manufacture and installation of boilers, pressure vessels, and in the process installation of oil and gas fields and chemical plants. The quality of the welding quality is affected by the welding process, welding operation skills, welding equipment, welding materials, welding materials, welding conditions and other environmental factors and scientific management methods and other factors. In actual work, we have done some work in this respect. This article introduces our practices and experiences in seven aspects for reference and discussion by our counterparts.